水下噪音地圖 VARUN
VARUN - 水下噪音虛擬實境(Virtual Acoustic Reality for Underwater Noise)是知洋科技公司開發的作業化程式，可模擬各種水下噪音污染、傳遞及對海洋動物影響。
VARUN - Virtual Acoustic Reality for Underwater Noise is an operational program developed by Awareocean that can simulate various underwater noise pollution, transmission and impacts on marine animals.
簡介 VARUN Briefing
供各種水下噪音模擬視覺化效果，如打樁、船舶、聲納、風機等，可用於環境影響評估、海洋空間規劃利用、聲納效能預估等。
VARUN provides various underwater noise simulation and visualization effects, such as piling, ships, sonar, wind turbune, etc. It can be used for environmental impact assessment, marine space planning and utilization, sonar performance prediction, etc.
模擬情境 Scenario
01
打樁噪音
Pile-driving Noise
模擬衝擊式打樁功率60~4,000 kJ、振動錘打樁、氣泡幕減噪及阻尼減噪等。
VARUN simulates impact piling power from 60 to 4,000 kJ, vibratory hammer piling, bubble curtain noise reduction and damping noise reduction, etc.
05
風機運轉噪音
Wind Turbine Operated Noise
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04
聲納訊號
Sonar Signal
模擬連續波聲納、變頻波聲納之傳遞與聲納效能預估。
VARUN simulates the transmission of continuous wave (CW) sonar and frequency/amplitude modulation wave (FM/AM/Chirp) sonar to predict the sonar performance.
02
船舶排放水下噪音
Ship Underwater Radiated Noise (URN)
模擬施工船舶、商船、研究船排放水下噪音。
The underwater radiated noise from construction vessels, commercial ships and research vessels is simulated.
06
鯨豚聽力加權
Cetacean Hearing Weight
模擬鯨豚聽力加權後水下噪音值。
Underwater noise values weighted by simulated cetacean hearing, e.g., low/mid/high frequency cetecean.
08
海面風浪噪音
Wind-driving Wave Noise
模擬不同風速或浪高產生環境噪音變化。
VARUN simulates different wind speeds or wave heights to produce changes in ambient noise.
03
船舶低頻背景噪音
Ambient Noise from Shipping
以AIS船舶密度推估低頻環境噪音分布。
The distribution of low-frequency environmental noise is estimated based on the ships density of AIS data.
07
魚類聽力加權
Fish Hearing Weight
模擬魚類聽力加權後水下噪音值。
Underwater noise values weighted by simulated fish hearing, e.g., Sciaenidae.
09
噪音累積影響預測
Noise Cumulative Impact Prediction
同 期多處海事工程噪音合併估算，包含鄰近風場同時打樁、施工船舶、風機運轉等。
The noise from multiple maritime projects during the same period was estimated together, including piling, construction vessels, and wind turbine operation at nearby wind farms.
環境影響評估應用 Application on EIA
打樁噪音最糟影響預估
Estimation of the worst impact of pile-driving noise
模擬1座離岸風場使用衝擊式打樁功率3,000 kJ，
以水下噪音地圖顯示最大影響範圍及預估測量值。
Simulate an offshore wind farm using impact piling with a power of 3,000 kJ.
Underwater noise maps show the maximum impact area and estimated measurement values.
鄰近風場同時打樁累積影響
Cumulative impact of simultaneous piling at nearby wind farms
模擬2座相鄰離岸風場同時以3,000 kJ功率打樁，
並用大型氣泡幕減噪預防水下噪音超過警戒值，
以水下噪音地圖顯示整體噪音增量及擴散範圍。
Simulate two nearby offshore wind farms driving piles at the same time with 3,000 kJ power.
Big bubble curtains (BBC) are used to reduce noise and prevent underwater noise from exceeding the warning value.
Use underwater noise maps to show the overall noise increase and spread.
船舶排放水下噪音
Ship URN
模擬一艘研究船在航速10.2節排放水下噪音量，
水下噪音地圖顯示加上鯨豚聽力加權後的結果。
Simulate the underwater noise emitted by a research vessel at a speed of 10.2 knots.
The underwater noise map shows the results after adding the weighting of cetacean hearing.
由船舶密度估算船舶噪音
Estimating Ship Noise from Ship Density
由船舶自動辨識系統(AIS)數據推估船舶密度值，
水下噪音地圖顯示船舶噪音在空間中的分布差異。
The ship density value is estimated from the ship automatic identification system (AIS) data.
Underwater noise maps show how ship noise is distributed differently in space.
成功案例 Successful Cases
VARUN已經成功用於環境影響評估、船舶排放水下噪音預估及海域空間規劃。
VARUN has been successfully used in environmental impact assessment (EIA), ship underwater radiated noise (URN) and marine spatial planning.
優秀論文獎
離岸風場水下基礎安裝工程常使用衝擊式打樁機，撞擊樁柱產生水下噪音值相當大，恐對鯨豚產生聽覺影響及傷害。因此在環境影響評估中，必須模擬打樁噪音影響範圍、聽力傷害閾值發生情況及減輕措施效果等預測資料。本研究採用水下噪音虛擬實境數值模式，原理是將打樁特定功率所產生的水下噪音聲源值，以頻譜加權方式計算減噪後量值，再結合水下音傳模式計算各方位及深度上的接收聲壓量，並疊合及轉換為水下噪音聲波，可符合國內外規範所需的水下噪音指標計算，例如Leq、Lss、LE30s、Lpk及L5s等。由於打樁全程產生水下噪音對鯨豚的累積影響問題複雜，本研究進一步提出打樁情境分析，以撞擊間隔及撞擊次數等條件，計算水下噪音對鯨豚的累積壓力，並計入鯨豚聽力閾加權，以水下噪音地圖呈現及分析影響範圍、聽力受損閾值的距離，並探討多個風場同時打樁的累加影響問題。
Impact-driven piles are often used in subsea foundation installation in offshore wind farms. The underwater noise generated by piling is quite loud, which may cause auditory effects and injury to cetaceans. Therefore, in the environmental impact assessment (EIA), it is necessary to simulate the forecasting such as the impact range of piling noise, the occurrence of hearing threshold shift, and the effect of mitigation measures. In this study, the numerical model, Virtual Acoustic Reality of Underwater Noise (VARUN) is used. The received sound pressures at the depths and azimuths are superpositioning and converted into sound waves for underwater noise calculation, which can be calculated in accordance with the underwater noise indicators required by the standards, such as Leq, Lss, LE30s, Lpk and L5s. Since the cumulative impact of underwater noise on cetaceans during the whole process of piling is complex, this study further proposes a piling scenario analysis, and calculates the cumulative pressure of underwater noise on cetaceans based on the conditions of strike intervals and strike numbers, and includes the cetacean hearing weighting as well. Hearing threshold weighting is used to present and analyze the noise impact ranges and the distance of hearing threshold shift in the underwater noise map. The cumulative impact of simultaneous piling in multiple wind farms will be discussed in the conclusions.
